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Isn't OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) seven layers?Yes it is. In the standard, seven layers have been defined. Just let's remember the seven layers of OSI. Layer 7: The application layer.Layer...
I will explain the faster connectivity option and some of the use cases for each, deployment considerations a bit in this post. Why latency is important for some special businesses?...
GRE tunnels are by far most common tunnelling technology. Very easy to setup, troubleshoot and operate. But in large scale deployment, configuring GRE tunnels become cumbersome, because GRE tunnel is...
How many CCDEs are there in the world? What country has the most CCDEs? How do you become a CCDE Global List member? You can find out the answers to...
Many people have been searching these two words on the website. Many people also have been asking to me , how much they can earn monthly if they pass CCDE...
BFD is not a fast convergence mechanism. BFD stands for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection. It is an important tool for the IP layer but there is a confusion in the network...
What does P router mean in MPLS ? It is used in MPLS VPN networks mostly but can be used with any MPLS application, use case. This is very important...
We discussed LAG (Link Aggregation Group) and the ECMP (Equal Cost Multipath) on real network deployments with the Service Provider/Telco Engineer engineers on my slack group. I thought it was...
In this post, I will explain the Overload bit which is an important feature of the IS-IS routing protocol. When a router that runs an IS-IS routing protocol has a...
What is attachment circuit in MPLS VPN ? Definitions are important in networking, if there are alternative usages of the definition, better to know them all for effective communication. Figure...
Unique RD per PE per VRF is a deployment option in MPLS Layer 3 VPN. I am explaining this topic in deep detail in my “BGP Zero to Hero” course....
Happy Eyeballs- This term is very important to understand if you are deploying dual stack IPv6 network. Before defining happy eyeballs, do you know what is an eyeball network ?...