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BIER is Bit Indexed Explicit Replication which is the newest proposal for IP Multicast. Although I say IP Multicast, of course, it works on MPLS networks as well. You can...
I will provide the answers to these questions with examples in this post. Reliability is within a reasonable amount of time, which depends on the application type and architecture, delivering...
In the networks, we don't have only single protocol. There are always many protocols and their interaction/synchronization is important. Otherwise, blackholes, routing or switching loops can occur or at least...
Carrier Ethernet is an attempt to expand Ethernet beyond the borders of Local Area Network (LAN), into the Wide Area Networks (WAN). With Carrier Ethernet, customer sites are connected through...
In this post, I will share many network engineering blogs which will be very beneficial for network engineering and for those who want to learn more about network design. Almost...
Integrated Services QoS - Hard QoS is first QoS approach, but currently we are not using. At the end of this post, you will know what is Integrated QoS,...
When it comes to fast convergence, first thing that we need to understand what is convergence? Convergence is the time between failure and the recovery. Link, circuits, routers, switches all...
Vlan, VTP and Trunking are most fundamentals yet important topics in Layer 2 Networking. I explain this topic from design, theory and hands-on perspective in my CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure Training....
Autonomous System Provider Authorization - ASPA is a new approach for the Path Validation in BGP Information Security. Only Path Validation Standard in IETF is BGP SEC which is specified...
IXP is a layer 2 network where multiple network entities meet, for the purposes of interconnection and exchanging traffic with one another. Internet Exchange Points start with a single Layer...
GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is used to reduce the number of active switching nodes in the network design. Network Design Best practice in Campus networks and many Datacenter networks...
IS-IS Design - Using IS-IS with MPLS require some important design considerations. IS-IS as a scalable link state routing protocol has been used in the Service Provider networks for decades....