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Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Anycast, and Incast traffic types will be explained in this post. Traffic flow and traffic types are important information that needs to be considered in Network Design,...
IGP vs BGP is one of the topics every Network Engineer want to learn in their career. In this post, without going into each IGP protocol detail, where and why...
OSPF LSA Types is the first topic you need to understand if you are trying to understand OSPF routing protocol. There are 11 different types of LSA in OSPF and...
OSPF Load Balancing is to place multiple next-hops into the Routing and Forwarding table for a given IP destination prefix. In this post, we will look at OSPF Load Balancing,...
BGP Multipath - by default, BGP installs only a single path in IBGP and EBGP deployment. If prefixes are learned via multiple paths, BGP supports multipath for IBGP, EBGP, or...
MP-BGP (Multiprotocol BGP) is an extension of the BGP protocol. Standard BGP only supports IPv4 unicast address families, whereas MP-BGP supports more than 15 different BGP address families. Since MP-BGP...
BGP PIC Fundamentals: BGP PIC (Prefix Independent Convergence) is a BGP Fast Reroute mechanism which can provide sub-second convergence even for the 900K internet prefixes by taking the help of...
BGP Weight Attribute is used in Cisco routers. In this post, with the below topology, we will look at why the BGP weight attribute is used, why it BGP weight...
BGP AS Path Prepending or BGP prepend is a common technique for incoming path manipulating. When we want to engineer the traffic coming from another BGP AS to our BGP...
DMVPN Basics- In this article you will learn about the DMVPN design along with various IGP protocols such as EIGRP,OSPF and BGP. I am explaining this topic in deep detail...
BGP Confederation is specified in RFC 5065, which describes the use of Autonomous System Confederations for BGP - Border Gateway Protocol. This topic and many other simple and advanced BGP...
In this post, some of the frequently asked OSPF questions will be answered. Some of the answers will be from a design point of view and we will try to...